The nonlinear effects and applications of gain doped whispering-gallery mode cavities

Abstract Whispering-gallery mode (WGM) cavities formed by dielectric structures have attracted intensive interest in various fields. The high-quality factor and smaller volume associated with the optical modes inspired experiments nonlinear optics, nanophotonics, quantum information science. Moreover, they are also used biosensors other significant applications. To further reduce material loss of resonator, gain materials, such as erbium ytterbium, doped into structure to increase effect enhance interaction between light matter. Here this review, we outline most recent advancements gain-doped WGM microcavities. introduce dynamics resonators, integration media microcavities shapes, fabrication applications Also, cavity based on whispering-gallery been introduced, e.g. , ultra-sensitive sensors, low-threshold lasers, high-performance systems.